Sliding mode combined with PI controller applied for current control of grid-connected single-phase inverter under distorted voltage conditions

Lucas D. Augusto; Luís F. N. Lourenço; José A. T. Altuna; Alfeu J. Sguarezi Filho

doi:10.18618/REP.e202536

Authors

Lucas D. Augusto Universidade Federal do ABC https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-915X
Luís F. N. Lourenço Universidade de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8280-0268
José A. T. Altuna Universidade Federal do ABC
Alfeu J. Sguarezi Filho Universidade Federal do ABC https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9981-436X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18618/REP.e202536

Keywords:

Grid-connected inverters, Harmonic suppression, Single-phase inverter, Sliding mode control, Voltage distortion

Abstract

Grid-connected inverters must be synchronized with the electrical grid to ensure stability and efficiency. However, abrupt grid distortions and harmonic components can degrade the controller’s performance. This paper proposes a sliding mode controller combined with a PI controller for current control in a single-phase grid-connected inverter to enhance Total Harmonic Distortion performance. The primary contribution of this work is the development of a nonlinear controller with a constant switching frequency, addressing the common chattering problem in sliding mode controllers while maintaining adequate performance under distorted voltage conditions using a Phase-Locked Loop. The controller's performance was evaluated through laboratory experiments under normal and distorted grid conditions, and the results were compared with a repetitive controller, demonstrating its effectiveness in suppressing harmonics in regular operation and under distorted grid voltage conditions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Lucas D. Augusto, Universidade Federal do ABC

received the electrical engineering degree from Centro Universitário da FEI, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil, in 2011, and the master’s degree in electrical engineering from the Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil, in 2022, respectively, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in energy engineering. His research focuses on converters, grid-connected systems, photovoltaic systems, power electronics, real-time control, and embedded systems.

Luís F. N. Lourenço, Universidade de São Paulo

received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil, in 2022. In 2021, he was a Visiting Ph.D. Student at the Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes (L2S), Centrale Supélec, University Paris-Saclay (UPS), Gif-sur-Yvette, France. He is currently an Associate Professor at the Institute of Energy and Environment, USP. His research interests include grid-forming converters, non linear control, renewable energy integration, HVDC, microgrids, and control and stability of power systems.

José A. T. Altuna, Universidade Federal do ABC

received a bachelor’s degree in Electronic Engineering 1986 from the Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria Lima - Peru, a master's degree in Electrical Engineering 1997 and a PhD in Electrical Engineering 2002, both from the State University of Campinas - UNICAMP and Post-doctorate PNPD CAPES (2013-2015) at UFABC. He was linked to the company Commodity Systems Empreendimentos e Participações LTDA until July 2012, coordinating the company's R\&D projects. He is currently Adjunct Professor at the Federal University of ABC - UFABC. He has experience in induction machine control acting as generator and motor, real-time control systems, signal processing, design of systems based on DSPs and FPGAs, low-level software for embedded systems, and speech recognition systems.

Alfeu J. Sguarezi Filho, Universidade Federal do ABC

received the master’s and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil, in 2007 and 2010, respectively. He is currently an Associate Professor with the Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil. He has authored several articles in national and international scientific journals and book chapters in the areas of electrical machines, machine drives, electric vehicles, power electronics, wind, and photovoltaic energies.

References

J. Jana, H. Saha, K. D. Bhattacharya, “A review of inverter topologies for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 72, pp. 1256–1270, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.10.049

M. Morey, N. Gupta, M. M. Garg, A. Kumar, “A comprehensive review of grid-connected solar photovoltaic system: Architecture, control, and ancillary services”, Renewable Energy Focus, vol. 45, pp. 307–330, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2023.04.009

U. P. Yagnik, M. D. Solanki, “Comparison of L, LC & LCL filter for grid connected converter”, in 2017 International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICEI), pp. 455–458, IEEE, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOEI.2017.8300968

A. J. Sguarezi, Model Predictive Control for Doubly-Fed Induction Generators and Three-Phase Power Converters, ELSEVIER, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-32-390964-8.00016-6

IEEE, “IEEE Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems”, IEEE Std 519-2014 (Revision of IEEE Std 519-1992), pp. 1–29, 2014.

N. F. M. Yusof, D. Ishak, M. Salem, “An Improved Control Strategy for Single-Phase Single-Stage Grid-Tied PV System Based on Incremental Conductance MPPT, Modified PQ Theory, and Hysteresis Current Control”, Engineering Proceedings, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 91, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012091

N. Singh, S. Jena, C. K. Panigrahi, “A Novel Fuzzy-Sliding Mode control scheme for grid connected single phase VSI”, Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 57, pp. 2204–2211, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.289

M. Balasubramonian, V. Rajamani, “Design and real-time implementation of SHEPWM in single-phase inverter using generalized Hopfield neural network”, IEEE transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 6327–6336, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2014.2304919

C. Xie, D. Liu, K. Li, J. Zou, K. Zhou, J. M. Guerrero, “Passivitybased design of repetitive controller for LCL-type grid-connected inverters suitable for microgrid applications”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 2420–2431, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2020.3014365

R. O. Ram´ırez, J. R. Espinoza, P. E. Melin, M. E. Reyes, E. E. Espinosa, C. Silva, E. Maurelia, “Predictive controller for a threephase/single-phase voltage source converter cell”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1878–1889, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2014.2332062

H. Komurcugil, S. Biricik, S. Bayhan, Z. Zhang, “Sliding mode control: Overview of its applications in power converters”, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 40–49, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MIE.2020.2986165

H. Romdhane, K. Dehri, A. S. Nouri, “Stability analysis of discrete input output second order sliding mode control”, International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 159–169, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMIC.2014.064291

A. Sufyan, M. Jamil, S. Ghafoor, Q. Awais, H. A. Ahmad, A. A. Khan, H. Abouobaida, “A robust nonlinear sliding mode controller for a three-phase grid-connected inverter with an LCL filter”, Energies, vol. 15, no. 24, p. 9428, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249428

M. A. E. Alali, Y. B. Shtessel, J.-P. Barbot, S. Di Gennaro, “Sensor effects in LCL-type grid-connected shunt active filters control using higher-order sliding mode control techniques”, Sensors, vol. 22, no. 19, p. 7516, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197516

M. Huang, H. Li, W. Wu, F. Blaabjerg, “Observer-based sliding mode control to improve stability of three-phase LCL-filtered grid-connected VSIs”, Energies, vol. 12, no. 8, p. 1421, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081421

M. A. de Brito, E. H. Dourado, L. P. Sampaio, S. A. da Silva, R. C. Garcia, “Sliding mode control for single-phase grid-connected voltage source inverter with l and lcl filters”, Eng, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 301–316, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/eng4010018

M. P. Petronijevic, C. Milosavljevic, B. Veselic, S. Huseinbegovic, ´ B. Perunicic, “Discrete time quasi-sliding mode-based control of LCL ´ grid inverters”, Facta Universitatis, Series: Electronics and Energetics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 133–158, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/FUEE2301133P

N. B. Lai, K.-H. Kim, “An improved current control strategy for a grid connected inverter under distorted grid conditions”, Energies, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 190, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en9030190

S. Cho, H.-S. Kang, K.-B. Lee, J.-Y. Yoo, “Performance improvement of a grid-connected inverter under distorted grid voltage using a harmonic extractor”, Electronics, vol. 8, no. 9, p. 1038, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8091038

A. Lunardi, E. Conde, J. Assis, L. Meegahapola, D. A. Fernandes, A. J. Sguarezi Filho, “Repetitive predictive control for current control of grid-connected inverter under distorted voltage conditions”, IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 16931–16941, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3147812

J. Viola, J. Restrepo, J. M. Aller, F. Quizhpi, “Current control for a grid-connected inverter operating with highly distorted grid voltage”, in 2016 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exposition-Latin America (PES T&D-LA), pp. 1–5, IEEE, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC-LA.2016.7805608

C. Lascu, I. Boldea, F. Blaabjerg, “Direct torque control of sensorless induction motor drives: a sliding-mode approach”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 582–590, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2004.824441

G. M. Vargas-Gil, C. J. C. Colque, A. J. Sguarezi, R. M. Monaro, “Sliding mode plus PI control applied in PV systems control”, in 2017 IEEE 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), pp. 562–567, IEEE, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRERA.2017.8191124

A. F. B. O. Silva, S. M. Silva, C. H. G. d. Santos, B. d. J. Cardoso Filho, “Aplicação do controle repetitivo a inversor PWM monofásico com filtro LC de saída utilizado em fonte programável CA”, Eletrônica de Potência, 2013.

J. P. Bonaldo, J. de Arimateia Olımpio Filho, A. M. dos Santos Alonso, H. K. M. Paredes, F. P. Marafao, “Modeling and control of a single-phase grid-connected inverter with lcl filter”, IEEE Latin America Transactions, vol. 19, no. 02, pp. 250–259, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2021.9443067

F. Lino, J. Assis, D. A. Fernandes, R. V. Jacomini, F. F. Costa, A. J. Sguarezi, “One-Cycle Fourier Finite Position Set PLL”, MDPIEnergies, vol. 14, no. 7, March 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14071824

M. B. Said-Romdhane, M. W. Naouar, I. Slama Belkhodja, E. Monmasson, “An improved LCL filter design in order to ensure stability without damping and despite large grid impedance variations”, Energies, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 336, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en10030336

M. Saleem, K.-Y. Choi, R.-Y. Kim, “Resonance damping for an LCL filter type grid-connected inverter with active disturbance rejection control under grid impedance uncertainty”, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 109, pp. 444–454, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.02.004

R. A. Fantino, C. A. Busada, J. A. Solsona, “Grid impedance estimation by measuring only the current injected to the grid by a vsi with lcl filter”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 1841–1850, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2020.2973910

H. Komurcugil, O. Kukrer, “Investigation of active damping methods for model-based-current-control scheme of single-phase grid-tied VSI with LCL filter”, in IECON 2017-43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 1261–1266, IEEE, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2017.8216215

X. Chen, W. Wu, N. Gao, J. Liu, H. S.-H. Chung, F. Blaabjerg, “Finite control set model predictive control for an LCL-filtered grid-tied inverter with full status estimations under unbalanced grid voltage”, Energies, vol. 12, no. 14, p. 2691, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12142691

M. Cucuzzella, R. Lazzari, S. Trip, S. Rosti, C. Sandroni, A. Ferrara, “Sliding mode voltage control of boost converters in DC microgrids”, Control Engineering Practice, vol. 73, pp. 161–170, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2018.01.009

G. M. Vargas Gil, L. Lima Rodrigues, R. S. Inomoto, A. J. Sguarezi, R. Machado Monaro, “Weighted-PSO applied to tune sliding mode plus PI controller applied to a boost converter in a PV system”, Energies, vol. 12, no. 5, p. 864, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12050864

A. Abrishamifar, A. Ahmad, M. Mohamadian, “Fixed switching frequency sliding mode control for single-phase unipolar inverters”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 2507–2514,2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2011.2175249

S. Chiang, T. Tai, T. Lee, “Variable structure control of UPS inverters”, IEE Proceedings-Electric Power Applications, vol. 145, no. 6, pp. 559–567, 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-epa:19982334

V. I. Utkin, “Sliding mode control design principles and applications to electric drives”, IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 23–36, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/41.184818

H. K. Khalil, High-gain observers in nonlinear feedback control, SIAM, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611974867

J. Jiao, J. Y. Hung, R. Nelms, “Control for a single-phase inverter using a grid current observer”, in IECON 2017-43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 164–170, IEEE, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2017.8216032

M. Bhardwaj, B. Subharmanya, Application Report - PV Inverter Design Using Solar Explorer Kit, Texas Instruments, July 2013, URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/an/sprabr4a/sprabr4a.pdf.

J. Astrada, C. De Angelo, “Implementation of output impedance in single-phase inverters with repetitive control and droop control”, IET Power Electronics, vol. 13, no. 14, pp. 3138–3145, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2020.0165