Dynamic Modeling and Experimental Validation of a Non-Isolated Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Control-Oriented Design

Marciel  Wenk; Felipe J. Zimann; Robson Mayer; Sérgio Vidal Garcia Oliveira; Alessandro L. Batschauer

doi:10.18618/REP.e202614

Authors

Marciel Wenk State University of Santa Catarina https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8925-9969
Felipe J. Zimann State University of Santa Catarina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9548-720X
Robson Mayer State University of Campinas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2184-7679
Sérgio Vidal Garcia Oliveira State University of Santa Catarina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2862-3870
Alessandro L. Batschauer State University of Santa Catarina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3094-9589

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18618/REP.e202614

Keywords:

Bidirectional DC-DC converter, small-signal modeling, state-space averaging, experimental validation, cascaded control, electric vehicle

Abstract

This paper presents the mathematical modeling and control design of a high-power-density bidirectional DC-DC converter topology based on the three-state switching cell (3SSC). The operation stages corresponding to distinct duty cycle intervals are thoroughly analyzed, and state-space techniques are employed to derive small-signal dynamic models for both Buck and Boost modes. These models serve as the foundation for the design of digital compensators using classical frequency-domain control methods, ensuring compliance with predefined performance specifications. To verify the accuracy and applicability of the derived models, a comparative analysis is conducted between simulated and experimental closed-loop responses. The same compensators, designed using the mathematical models, are implemented both in circuit-level simulations and in a 2 kW hardware prototype operating at 200 V in Buck mode and 550 V in Boost mode, with a switching frequency of 20 kHz. The observed agreement in dynamic behavior under both reference and load disturbances validates the proposed models and confirms their suitability for control-oriented applications. This comparative validation approach represents the main contribution of the work, demonstrating that the small-signal plant models faithfully reproduce the real converter dynamics and can be reliably used in the design of digital controllers for bidirectional power conversion systems.

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Author Biographies

Marciel Wenk, State University of Santa Catarina

received the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from the State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Brazil, in 2019, the MBA degree in Project Management from Faculdade Anhanguera de Jaraguá do Sul, Brazil, in 2010, and the degree in Electronics Technology from the University Center of Jaraguá do Sul, Brazil, in 2004. He is currently a Ph.D. student at the State University of Santa Catarina. His experience includes technical and higher education, both in face-to-face and remote modalities, laboratory management, and NR-10 safety training for professionals in the electrical field. His professional and research activities involve projects and studies related to the control of static converters applied to electric vehicles. He also works in the electrical and electronic design of electrical panels, planning and supervision of electrical installations, modernization and adaptation of electrical systems in compliance with safety standards, and electrical and electronic maintenance of industrial equipment.

Felipe J. Zimann, State University of Santa Catarina

was born in Rio do Sul, Brazil, in 1990. He received the B.S, M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering in 2013, 2016 and 2020, respectively, from the State University of Santa Catarina, Joinville, Brazil. In 2016, he was a Visiting Scholar with the Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. He was employed as a professor at the Federal University of Santa Catarina in 2021 and 2022 and is currently a professor at the State University of Santa Catarina. His research interests include power electronics, digital control techniques, and power quality. Mr. Zimann is currently a Member for the Brazilian Power Electronic Society (SOBRAEP).

Robson Mayer, State University of Campinas

received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Católica de Santa Catarina, Jaraguá do Sul, Brazil, in 2010, the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from the Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Blumenau, Brazil, in 2014, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Joinville, Brazil, in 2019. He has been actively engaged in research in the field of power electronics with both the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil, and UDESC. His efforts focus on power electronics, with specialization in dc–dc converters, inverters, power factor correction (PFC) converters, and rectifiers. His research interests include the design and control of power electronic converters, the application of power electronics in renewable energy systems and electric vehicles, energy efficiency, resonant dc–dc converters, and high-power density solutions

Sérgio Vidal Garcia Oliveira, State University of Santa Catarina;

was born in Lages, SC, Brasil, in 1974. He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Blumenau, Brazil, in 1999 and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil, in 2001 and 2006, respectively. He is currently a Technological Development and Innovative Extension Productivity Grant Holder DT-2 (CNPq). He has been a Professor of Power Electronics with FURB in 2004 and UDESC in 2012. His research interests are integrated motor drives, solid-state transformers, power converters to electric traction systems, cybersecurity on power electronics, and design to reliability in power electronics. Dr. Oliveira is currently a member of SOBRAEP-Brazilian Power Electron ics Society, SBA-Brazilian Automatic Society, ABENGE-Brazilian Education in Engineering Association, IES-Industrial Electronics Society, PELS-Power Electronics Society, and IAS-Industry Applications Society.

Alessandro L. Batschauer, State University of Santa Catarina

was born in Balnerio Cambori ´u, Brazil, in 1977. He received the B.S., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil, in 2000, 2002, and 2011, respectively. Since 2002, he has been with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Santa Catarina State University, Joinville, Brazil, where he is Associate Professor. In 2004, he was a Co-Founder of the SUPPLIER, Joinville, Brazil, where he is currently the Financial Director. Since 2019 he is responsable about financial sector of Brasilian Power Electronics Society. His fields of interest include high-frequency switching converters, power quality, multilevel converters, and impedance source converters. Dr. Batschauer is currently a member of the IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, and Brazilian Power Electronic Society

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