PEV’s Smart Charging Strategy Based on Individual State of Charge

Frederico Haasis; Oscar Solano; Bruno França; Daniel Dias

doi:10.18618/REP.2023.4.0009

Authors

Frederico Haasis Electrical Energy Research Center, Rio de Janeiro – RJ, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5246-1808
Oscar Solano Electrical Energy Research Center, Rio de Janeiro – RJ, Brazil https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0194-076X
Bruno França Federal Fluminense University, Niterói – RJ, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-7997
Daniel Dias Federal Fluminense University, Niterói – RJ, Brazil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18618/REP.2023.4.0009

Keywords:

Plug-in Electric Vehicles, Power Hardware in the loop, Power quality, Smart-Charging, State of Charge, Undervoltage

Abstract

Themain contribution of this work is a smart-charging strategy based on the state of charge analyses to avoid the undervoltages caused by plug-in electric vehicles into the distribution system. The work uses power hardware-in-the-loop simulations, where a modified IEEE 34 bus system, with five groups of electric vehicle stations, is modeled in a real-time digital simulator. The number of electric vehicles charging and the initial state of charge (SoC) are generated randomly. The first analyses identify the undervoltage problems due to the increased number of electric vehicles connected during peak hours load. After, a smart-charging solution is necessary to solve this power quality problem. So, if the voltage profile decreases under certain limits, defined by a hysteresis band, the control occurs, and the smart-charging is applied. The proposed strategy based on individual state of charge priority reduces the electric vehicle recharge power at virtual stations, by comparing its value with the mean of state of charge values from each station group. The experimental results presented show that, by varying the recharge current, the voltage profiles do not reach the limit for sags determined by the Brazilian standard, proving the performance and solving the problem even if not reducing the recharge current of all electric vehicles equally.

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Author Biographies

Frederico Haasis, Electrical Energy Research Center, Rio de Janeiro – RJ, Brazil

obtained a Bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering from the University Center of Volta Redonda in 2021. He is currently a Master’s student in the Graduate Program in Electrical and Telecommunications Engineering (PPGEET) at the Fluminense Federal University (UFF) and a master’s scholarship holder at the Smart Grids laboratory of the Electric Energy Research Center (Cepel), working in the field of distributed generation, electric vehicles, and smart grids.

Oscar Solano, Electrical Energy Research Center, Rio de Janeiro – RJ, Brazil

obtained the title of electrical engineer (2011) from the Universidad Industrial de Santander, and the titles of master (2014) and doctor (2019) in Electrical Engineering from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), both in the field of Power Electronics. Since 2014 he has been a researcher at the Electric Energy Research Center (Cepel). Since 2022 he is the technical manager of the Smart Grids Laboratory. His areas of expertise are real-time digital simulation, hardware-in-the-loop tests, experimental compliance tests in electric power converters, simulation of power electronic converters, hybrid microgrids, and pluggable electric vehicles.

Bruno França, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói – RJ, Brazil

the B.Sc., M.Sc., and D.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2009, 2012, and 2016, respectively. Since 2017, he has been an Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Rio de Janeiro. He is ahead of the Laboratory for Novel & Interdisciplinary Technologies in Electrical Engineering (NITEE), a Research Group founded, in 2018, of the Postgraduate Program in electrical and telecommunications engineering. His research interests include power electronics, distributed generation, microgrids and smart grids, power quality issues, renewable and energy storage systems, HVDC transmission, flexible AC transmission systems, and active filters.

Daniel Dias, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói – RJ, Brazil

received a bachelor’s degree in physics and electrical engineering from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), in 2003 and 2011, respectively. He received a Master’s degree in physics from Federal Fluminense Federal University (UFF) and a Doctor’s degree from UFRJ in 2009. Currently, he holds an associate professor position at UFF, in the Department of Electrical Engineering. His research interest has been in electric vehicles, batteries and the study of renewable energy systems.

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