Estrutura de Controle Hierárquico para o Paralelismo de UPS de Dupla Conversão com Equalização das Temperaturas dos Capacitores dos Barramentos CC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18618/REP.2018.4.0001Keywords:
Controle Hierárquico, fontes ininterruptas de energia, Gerenciamento Térmico, ParalelismoAbstract
Este trabalho propõe uma estrutura de controle hierárquico que permite realizar a equalização das temperaturas internas dos capacitores de barramento de UPSs conectadas em paralelo. Os capacitores eletrolíticos, usualmente utilizados em barramentos CC, são um dos principais responsáveis por falhas em sistemas de conversão de energia, sendo que a vida útil destes componentes é sensível a elevadas temperaturas de operação. Neste sentido, com o intuito de aumentar a vida útil de sistemas ininterruptos de energia conectados em paralelo, este trabalho propõe a adição de uma malha de controle que, através da medição indireta das temperaturas das UPSs, gerencia a potência ativa que cada UPS deve fornecer, a fim de equalizar as temperaturas dos capacitores. Resultados hardware-in-the-loop são adquiridos considerando duas UPSs monofásicas de 10 kVA conectadas em paralelo e localizadas em ambientes com temperaturas distintas, comprovando o bom desempenho e a viabilidade da proposta.
Downloads
References
Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements, IEC 62040-3, 1999.
M. Aamir, S. Mekhilef, -An Online Transformerless Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) System With a Smaller Battery Bank for Low-Power Applications, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, n° 1, pp. 233-247, Janeiro 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2016.2537834 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2016.2537834
S. Tolani, P. Sensarma, -Extended Bandwidth Instantaneous Current Sharing Scheme for Parallel UPS Systems, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, n° 6, pp. 4960-4969, Junho 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2016.2604251 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2016.2604251
J. M. Guerrero, L. Hang, J. Uceda, -Control of Distributed Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, nº 8, pp. 2845-2859, Agosto 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2008.924173 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2008.924173
J. M. Guerrero, J. C. Vasquez, J. Matas, L. G. Vicuna, M. Castilla,Hierarchical Control of Droop-Controlled AC and DC Microgrids-A General Approach Toward Standardization, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, nº 1, pp. 158-172, Janeiro 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2010.2066534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2010.2066534
J. M. Guerrero, L. G. de Vicuna, J. Matas, M. Castilla, J. Miret,Output impedance design of parallel-connected UPS inverters with wireless load-sharing control, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 52, nº 4, pp. 1126-1135, Agosto 2005. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2005.851634 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2005.851634
H. Han, Y. Liu, Y. Sun, M. Su, J. M. Guerrero,An Improved Droop Control Strategy for Reactive Power Sharing in Islanded Microgrid, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, nº 6, pp. 3133-3141, Junho 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2014.2332181 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2014.2332181
L. Meng, Q. Shafiee, G. F. Trecate, H. Karimi, D. Fulwani, X. Lu, J. M Guerrero, -Review on Control of DC Microgridsand Multiple Microgrid Clusters, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 5, nº 3, pp. 928-948, Setembro 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2017.2690219 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2017.2690219
Q. Shafiee, J. M. Guerrero, J. C. Vasquez,Distributed Secondary Control for Islanded Microgrids-A Novel Approach, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 29, nº 2, pp. 1018-1031, Fevereiro 2014.https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2259506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2259506
H. Han, X. Hou, J. Yang, J. Wu, M. Su, J. M. Guerrero, Review of Power Sharing Control Strategies for Islanding Operation of AC Microgrids, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 7, nº 1, pp. 200-215, Janeiro 2016.https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2434849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2434849
Y. Han, H. Li, P. Shen, E. A. A. Coelho, J. M. Guerrero, Review of Active and Reactive Power Sharing Strategies in Hierarchical Controlled Microgrids, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, nº 3, pp. 2427-2451, Março 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2016.2569597 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2016.2569597
W. F. de Souza, M. A. Severo-Mendes, L. A. C. Lopes,Power sharing control strategies for a three-phase microgrid in different operating condition with droop control and damping factor investigation, IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 9, nº 9, pp. 831-839, Setembro 2015. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2014.0250 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2014.0250
Y. Han, P. Shen, X. Zhao, J. M. Guerrero, Control Strategies for Islanded Microgrid Using Enhanced Hierarchical Control Structure With Multiple Current-Loop Damping Schemes, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 8, nº 3, pp. 1139-1153, Maio 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2477698 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2477698
E. A. A. Coelho, D. Wu, J. M. Guerrero, J. C. Vasquez, T. Dragicevic, C. Stefanovic, P. Popovski,-Small-Signal Analysis of the Microgrid Secondary Control Considering a Communication Time Delay, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 63, nº 10, pp. 6257-6259, Outubro 2016.https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2016.2581155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2016.2581155
C. Zhang, J. M. Guerrero, J. C. Vasquez, E. A. A. Coelho, Control Architecture for Parallel-Connected Inverters in Uninterruptible Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 31, n° 7, pp. 5176-5188, Julho 2016.
J. M. Guerrero, J. C. Vasquez, J. Matas, M. Castilla, L. G. de Vicuna, Control Strategy for Flexible Microgrid Based on Parallel Line-Interactive UPS Systems, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, nº 3, pp. 726-736, Março 2009.https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2008.2009274 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2008.2009274
Z. Wang, Z. Xu, L. Zhao, S. Han, Power Capacitor Temperature Measurement System Using FBG Sensors and Its Validation, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 67, nº 2, pp. 449-458, Fevereiro 2018.https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2017.2774208
K. Abdennadher, P. Venet, G. Rojat, J. Retif, C. Rosset,A Real-Time Predictive-Maintenance System of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors Used in Uninterrupted Power Supplies, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 46, nº 4, pp. 1644-1652, Julho/Agosto 2010.https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2010.2049972 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2010.2049972
Y. Song, B. Wang, Survey on Reliability of Power Electronic Systems, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 28, n° 1, pp. 591-604, Janeiro 2013.https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2192503 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2192503
H. S. Chung, H. Wang, F. Blaabjerg, M. Pecht, Reliability of Power Electronic Converter Systems, Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2015.https://doi.org/10.1049/PBPO080E DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/PBPO080E
P. C. Todd, UC3854 Controlled Power Factor Correction Circuit Design. Unitrode Product and Applications Handbook, pp. 10303-10322, 1996.
H. Wu, T. Mu, X. Gao, Y. Xing, -A Secondary-Side Phase-Shift-Controlled LLC Resonant Converter With Reduced Conduction Loss at Normal Operation for Hold-Up Time Compensation Application?, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, n° 10, pp. 5352-5357, Outubro 2015.https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2015.2418786 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2015.2418786
Y. Lai, Z. Su, W. Chen, -New Hybrid Control Technique to Improve Light Load Efficiency While Meeting the Hold-up Time Requirement for Two Stage Server Power, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 29, n° 9, pp. 4763-4775, Setembro 2014.https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2283747 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2283747
W. A. Venturini, H. Jank, M. L. S. Martins, F. E. Bisogno, H. Pinheiro, C. Rech, J. R. Pinheiro, A. G. Bueno, -A low cost three-phase transformerless online UPS, in Proc. of COBEP, pp. 1-6, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1109/COBEP.2015.7420150 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/COBEP.2015.7420150
W. A. Venturini, H. Jank, F. E. Bisogno, M. L. Martins, H. Pinheiro, -Estágio de Entrada com Dupla Funcionalidade Aplicado a uma UPS Trifásica de Alto Desempenho, Eletrônica de Potência, vol. 23, nº 2, pp. 244-255, Abril 2018.https://doi.org/10.18618/REP.2018.2.2776 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18618/REP.2018.2.2776
DCMC Datasheet, -Type DCMC 85 °C High Capacitance, Screw Terminal, Aluminum.
[Online]. Disponível: http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1731347.pdf.
H. Wang, F. Blaabjerg,Reliability of Capacitors for DC-Link Applications in Power Electronic Converters-An Overview, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 50, nº 5, pp. 3569-3578, Outubro 2014.https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2014.2308357 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2014.2308357
Z. Zhang, L. Wang, S. Kurtz, J. Wu, P. Quan, R. Sorensen, S. Liu, J. B. Bai, Z. W. Zhu, Operating Temperatures of Open-rack Installed Photovoltaic Inverters, Solar Energy, vol. 137, pp. 344-351, Novembro 2016.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.08.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.08.017
ABB Technologies, -Technical Datasheet Power Value 11/31 T 10-20 kVA?, 2017.
[Online]. Disponível: new.abb.com/ups/systems/single-phase-ups/powervalue-31-11-t.
Y. Yang, K. Ma, H. Wang, F. Blaabjerg, -Instantaneous Thermal Modeling of the DC-link Capacitor in PhotoVoltaic Systems, in Proc. of APEC, pp. 2733-2739, 2015.https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2015.7104737 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2015.7104737
Z. Wang, Z. Xu, L. Zhao, S. Han,Power Capacitor Temperature Measurement System Using FBG Sensors and Its Validation, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 67, nº 2, pp. 449-458, Fevereiro 2018.https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2017.2774208 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2017.2774208
N. Agarwal, M. W. Ahmad, S. Anand, Quasi-Online Technique for Health Monitoring of Capacitor in Single-Phase Solar Inverter, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 33, n° 6, pp. 5283-5291, Junho 2018.https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2017.2736162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2017.2736162
E. Aeloiza, J.-H. Kim, P. Enjeti, P. Ruminot, A Real Time Method to Estimate Electrolytic Capacitor Condition in PWM Adjustable Speed Drives and Uninterruptible Power Supplies, in Proc. of PESC, pp. 2867-2872, 2005.
M. A. Vogelsberger, T. Wiesinger, H. Ertl, Life-Cycle Monitoring and Voltage-Managing Unit for DC-Link Electrolytic Capacitors in PWM Converters, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, n° 2, pp. 493-503, Fevereiro 2011.https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2010.2059713 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2010.2059713
H. Jank, W. A. Venturini, G. G. Koch, M. L. Martins, F. E. Bisogno, V. F. Montagner, H. Pinheiro,Controle Baseado Em Um Lqr Com Estabilidade Robusta À Incerteza Paramétrica Aplicado A Um Carregador De Baterias,Eletrônica de Potência, vol. 22, nº 4, pp. 408-417, Dezembro 2017.https://doi.org/10.18618/REP.2017.4.2713 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18618/REP.2017.4.2713
R. Mo, H. Li, Hybrid Energy Storage System With Active Filter Function for Shipboard MVDC System Applications Based on Isolated Modular Multilevel DC/DC Converter, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 5, n° 1, pp. 79-87, Março 2017.https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2016.2642831 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2016.2642831
A. S. Vijay, S. Doolla, M. C. Chandorkar, Real-Time Testing Approaches for Microgrids, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 5, n° 3, pp. 1356-1376, Setembro 2017.https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2017.2695486 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2017.2695486
A. Hintz, U. R. Prasanna, K. Rajashekara, -Novel Modular Multiple-Input Bidirectional DC-DC Power Converter (MIPC) for HEV/FCV Application, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, n° 5, pp. 3163-3172, Maio 2015.https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2014.2371778 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2014.2371778
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Revista Eletrônica de Potência
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.