Adaptive Frequency-Based Power Management for Off-Grid Hybrid Photovoltaic Converters

Ezequiel Gonschorowski; Rafael Cardoso; Edivan Laercio Carvalho; Carlos Marcelo de Oliveira Stein; Emerson Giovani Carati; Gustavo Weber Denardin; Jean Patric da Costa

doi:10.18618/REP.e202440

Authors

Ezequiel Gonschorowski Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1770-7040
Rafael Cardoso Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2193-2056
Edivan Laercio Carvalho Tallinn University of Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8389-8703
Carlos Marcelo de Oliveira Stein Tallinn University of Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-7441
Emerson Giovani Carati Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6766-7190
Gustavo Weber Denardin Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-6095
Jean Patric da Costa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4742-7450

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18618/REP.e202440

Keywords:

Power Management, Hybrid Energy Storage Systems, Li-Ion Battery, Supercapacitor, Off-Grid Hybrid Photovoltaic Converters, Photovoltaic Systems

Abstract

The intermittency in photovoltaic systems (PV) can lead to power quality issues, especially in off-grid applications. In these cases, adding an energy storage element helps to cope with the intermittency to provide adequate power to the local load. In this scenario, combining Li-Ion batteries and supercapacitors as a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is powerful due to the battery's high energy density and the supercapacitor's high power density. The HESS demands adequate power management to operate adequately. This paper proposes an adaptive frequency-based power management for a Li-Ion battery and supercapacitor HESS applied to an off-grid PV converter. The main idea of this strategy is to guarantee a smoother current in the battery and reduce the power dissipation in the HESS. The smoother battery current transition helps avoid excessive battery stress and improves lifespan. The proposed strategy is compared with two other strategies. The results show that the proposed approach is more efficient in reducing the HESS' power dissipation and providing smooth current variations to the battery.

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Author Biographies

Ezequiel Gonschorowski, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná

received the B.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from the Federal University of Technology – Paraná (UTFPR), Pato Branco, Brazil, in 2022. Currently, he is pursuing the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering at UTFPR. His research interest relates to managing hybrid inverters to maximize battery lifespan.

Rafael Cardoso, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná

received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil, in 2001, the M.Sc. degree in electronic and computer science from the Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA), São Paulo, Brazil, in 2003, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from UFSM, in 2008. Since 2006, he has been with the Federal University of Technology – Paraná (UTFPR), Pato Branco, Brazil, where he is currently a Full Professor. His research interests include automatic control systems, power electronics, power converters control, energy storage systems, smart-grids, and power quality.

Edivan Laercio Carvalho, Tallinn University of Technology

received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from the Federal University of Technology – Paraná (UTFPR), Pato Branco, Brazil, in 2015, and 2018, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree from Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil, in 2021, all in electrical engineering. He is currently a Researcher with the Power Electronics Group, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia. His research interests include high-frequency power converter topologies, netzero energy buildings, and power management systems.

Carlos Marcelo de Oliveira Stein, Tallinn University of Technology

received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil, in 1996, 1997, and 2003, respectively. Since 2003, he has been with the Federal University of Technology – Paraná (UTFPR), Pato Branco, Brazil, where he is currently a Full Professor. His research interests include high-frequency power converter topologies, distributed generation, power supplies, and soft-switching techniques.

Emerson Giovani Carati, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná

received the B. S. degree (1996), the Master degree (1999) and Ph.D. degree (2003) in Electrical Engineering from Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. Since 2003, he is with the Federal University of Technology – Paraná (UTFPR), Pato Branco, Brazil, where he is a Full Professor. His research interests are related to control of electrical machines drives, distributed power generation and static converters.

Gustavo Weber Denardin, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná

received the B.S., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, in 2002, 2004, and 2012, respectively. Since 2005, he has been with the Federal University of Technology – Paraná, Pato Branco, Brazil, where he is currently a Full Professor. His research interests include embedded systems, real-time operating systems, instrumentation, communication systems, wireless sensor/actuator networks, and smart-grids.

Jean Patric da Costa

received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering, and the master's and Ph.D. degrees from the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil, in 2004, 2006, and 2010, respectively. He is currently a Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Technology – Paraná, Pato Branco, Brazil. His research interests include control of static converters, smart grids, ancillary services, and distributed generators.

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